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CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION 



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SETTLEMENT . . . 



■K^ OF 



. . . HORNELLSYILLE. 



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pr<i:si;.\Ti:r) isi' 



THE EARLY HISTORY 



OF 



HORNELLSVILLE, 



STEUBEN COUNTY, NEW YORK. 



An Address made at the Centennial of the First Settlement 
of Hornellsville, on September 25th, 1890. 



BY IRVIN W. NKAR. 



HORXELLSVILLE. X. Y. : 
THE EVEXIXG TRIBUXE PRINTING UOUSE. 

1890, 



C' 



A. 
^ . 



CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION 



Settlement of }4ornensvilIe, 



SEPTEMBKR 25, 1890. 



Mr. Chairman: — 

The territory now embraced within the limits of the city 
and town of Hornellsville and the immediate neighborhood, 
has been claimed by three Enropean governments. 

Spain by discovery atfirmed by a papal bull. France and 
England have proclaimed and asserted ownership, by col- 
onisation and conquest, and, in the name of their respective 
monarchs, have occupied it with armed military iorces. The 
tri-color of France and the cross ot St. George have tloated 
in its breezes, as an evidence and an admonition ol their 
respective occupation, dominion and sovereignty. 1 he 
rights of the native Indians, the English claimed, was the right 
of possession, suDJect to be acquired by purchase or conquest. 
The claim of the French was that France was the absolute 
owner of the soil, that the Indians were their wards, to be 
governed and cared for as the home government might di- 
rect. It has been given and granted by conflicting royal 
charters, and by sovereign states; has been transferred by 



treaties solemnized both in Enrope and America, and was 
part of the domain conveyed by the largest sale of land 
ever made by a government to private individuals. 

Forty-two years after the discovery of America by 
Columbus, Jacques Cartier landed at Hochelaga, now Mon- 
treal, on the banks of the river St. Lawrence, erected the 
cross, and planted the French flag, and setting aside the 
papal bull of Pope Alexander VI, proclaimed in the name 
of Jesus and Mary, and of Francis I, of France, that he 
took possession, in their names, of that river and all its 
tributaries and lands adjoining both remote and distant. 
The same claim and right was re-asserted by Champlain, 
at the founding of Quebec in 1608. 

The English under Gosnold had entered Chesapeake Ba}^ 
in 1607, and the Dutch in the person of Hendrick Hudson, 
had entered the river that bears his name in 1609. Each 
claimed the adjacent country for their respective monarchs. 

In tracing the advent of our race to this locality, French 
colonization and occupancy must, of necessity, take prece- 
dence. 

All that portion of what now constitutes the State of 
New York, lying westerly and northerly of the boundaries 
of Oneida county, and the extensions thereof, from and after 
the arrival of Champlain upon the St. Lawrence, until the 
conquest and treaty in 1762 — a centur}^ and a half — formed 
a portion of French Canada, or in a more extended geo- 
grajihical designation, New France, and this identical local- 
ity was a part of this territory, and was carefuU}- watched, 
and jealously guarded by the French government. In 1690 
Count Frontenac, then governor of New France, learning 
that a portit^n of his domain in the Seneca countr}' and on 
la Belle (Allegheny) river was trespassed upon, sent Sieur 
de Villers with a party of soldiers and Indians to warn and 
drive away all trespassers and intruders upon the domin- 
ions of his master. With this expedition was, upon the au- 
thority of Fathers Hennepin and Charlevoix, and letters 
addressed to Madame de Maintenon, one whom the world 



will not easily foro-et, the good Abbe Fenelon, afterwards 
Bishop of Canbray. The chronicler says: "The expe- 
dition left Cataraiiqiii (now Kingston), crossed to and skirted 
the south shore of Lake Ontario, until they reached the 
Genesee river, which they ascended, making one portage 
around two considerable falls, about a league apart, until 
they reached its head waters, then after a carrying 
place of nearly six leagues they reached the head 
waters of a stream that flowed to the south ; upon 
this stream, in a mountain country, they found a 
settlement called Kanestio, containing several scores ot 
habitations, built of timbers with stone chimneys on the end, 
outside, and peopled by runaway Frenchmen, Indians out- 
lawed, who belonged to no tribe ; fugitive negro slaves from 
Chesapeake Bay : renegade Dutch, who had been driven 
away from Albany, and graceless Yankees from New Ply- 
mouth. A more worthless lot of good-for-nothings, who had 
no hope of Heaven, or fear of Hell, we never saw. De Villers, 
after erecting the cross and planting the colors of France, 
proclaimed that the country belonged to Louis XIV, and was 
a part of New France. We then hastened away without 
further ceremony," 

The same authorit}- records that, it was on this journey 
the good Abbe composed in part that charming work, " The 
Adventures of Telemachus," an allegory representing a 
youth in pursuit of happiness, guided by wisdom, which 
will be read while mankind reverence the noble, the beau- 
tiful and the true. The fancy that it was in part born in 
thought, b}^ this murmuring river, makes, indeed, the soil 
on which we dwell classic ground. 

Long before the conquest and fall of New France, both 
the English provinces of Massachusetts and New York pas- 
sively claimed this region under conflicting charters. That 
under which Massachusetts claimed was granted by James 
I, of England in 1620, and b}' Charles I in 1628, embraced 
all of the territory l)'ing between 42 degrees and 44 de- 
grees, 15 minutes north latitude, and extending from the 



Atlantic ocean on the east to the Pacific on the west. 
The province of New York claimed under a charter 
^^ranted by Charles 11, of England, to James, Duke oi York 
and AU)any, whei-eby was j^ranted all of the lands extend- 
ing- from a line twenty miles easterly of Hudson river, 
northerly to Canada, southerly to Delaware Bay and west- 
erly to the ocean. 

After the conquest and fall of New France, this region 
was owned by tlie English, but was occupied by the same 
Indians as before, who were under the supervision of one 
of the most remarkabc men of that period, who had con- 
trol of the Indian affairs of the English on this continent — 
Sir William Johnson. 

In November 1762, two Indians ol Kanestio murdered 
and confiscated the property of two Dutch traders, English 
subjects, who were passing through the Seneca coun- 
try. At a meeting held by Lieutenant Guy Johnson, deputy 
agent for Indian affairs, with the Indians at Onondaga, on 
December 6, 1762, at which, in pursuance of Sir William 
Johnson's instructions, and at which the Senecas were noti- 
fied to attend and produce the guilty parties. Delegations 
of the Onondagas and Cay ugas attended, the Senecas were 
not represented. Lieut. Johnson then and there said to 
those in attendance, that if the Indians expected to live in 
peace with the English, these malefactors must be brought 
to justice, without unreasonable delay. 

Teyawarunte, speaker lor the Onondagas, replied as lol- 
lows: " Brother, we have all heard and carefully attended 
to your speech, and must confess the case is very hard both 
on your part and on ours, as it cannot but give us the 
greatest uneasiness to think that a village like Kanestio, 
composed of stragglers Irom several nations should have 
presumed to act a part so contrary to the sentiment and 
inclinations of the confederacy. For our parts we assure 
you, that we are determined to do everything in our power 
for procuring you that satisfaction so justly required, but, 
we are very desirous first to see the Upper Nations, to ac- 



qiiainl thcin willi noui" speech, an;l l(» he iiil()iinc(| what 
they have done in [\\v allaii\ and we h()i)e thai their present 
delay is owing U) their beini;- in quest of the murderers. 
Therefore we bej;^ vou w ill rest satislied until the aiiival oi 
the Upper Nations, and in case the Senecas do not immedi- 
ately comply with your tlemands, you may rest assured we 
shall, without further delay, go in search ol the murrlerers, 
being unanimously resolved to pursue them to the utmost 
distant parts, rather than fail in convincing y(ni how much 
we disapprove of their barbarity." 

The murderers lied to the region of the Ohio river and 
the Indians declared they could not find them, it was after- 
wards reported that one of them had been killed. 

Sir William J(jhnson ])laced no conhdence in these reports; 
he was satisfied that the criminals were being harbored in 
the vicinity of their depredations, he therefore, in April, 
1764, sent Capt. Andrew Montour, a half-breed Indian, wdth 
one hundred and forty Indians and some white men, to 
avenge these crimes; he proceeded to Kanisteo, which he 
completely destroyed. It consisted of sixty good houses, 
with three and four fireplaces in each of them. He found 
a large quantity of Indian corn, as also a great number of 
implements, wdiich they had taken from the inhabitants, 
with many new saddles, etc., several horses, horned cattle 
and swine, the most of them in such a poor condition that 
he killed them all but about a dozen, which they carried (;lf 
with them. 

During the war ol the Revolution, this territory was 
transiently occupied by the British and their Indian and 
Tory allies for the purpose ol planning and preparing their 
murderous invasions upon the patriotic inhabitants and 
settlements of New York and Pennsylvania. 

The expedition that massacred the inhabitants at Wyo- 
ming in 1778, set out from Fort Niagara, by the south shore 
of Lake Ontario, to the mouth of the Genesee river, thence 
up that river to where Dansville is now situated, thence 
over the divide to the Canisteo river — the same route taken 



8 

by the French before noted — halting at a point now within 
the town of Hornellsville, nearl}' westerly of and opposite 
where Big Creek falls into the Canisteo. Here they 
built their canoes and floats, with which they decended the 
river on th^ir bloody errand that culminated in the massa- 
cre (jf Wyoming in 1778. The unsleejiing vengeance of the 
Senecas was avenged for the unlicensed intrusion of the 
settlers into their sacred valley. It is asserted that the first 
white settlers in this neighborhood found canoes constructed 
of the trunks of pine trees, that had been unskillfully made 
and abandoned, and the tools used in such construction. 

Says a local writer of 1812: "Here are still to be seen 
the marks of the tracks of the invading foe that committed 
the savage butchery at Wyoming, a fine settlement, and its 
complete destruction in 1778 will long be remembered. 
Here the ancient man showeth the stumps of trees from 
which the canoes were taken, and chilleth the soul with 
horror at the tale of woe." A sad memor}^ to associate 
with the history of the beautiful valley of the Canisteo. 

After the American Independence had been acknowledged 
by Great Britain, at the treat}^ of Versailles in 1783, and 
this region had become a part of the United States, the 
contention between Massachusetts and New York for the 
right to this territory became sharp and active. Massa- 
chusetts claimed under the charters granted by James I and 
Charles 1. 

New York claimed under the charter granted by Charles 
II, and by reason of the annulment of the Plymouth char- 
ter, by the decree of the high court of chancery in 1684, 
and by the charter granted bv William and Mary in 1692, 
it was contended, all rights granted under the hrst charters 
of Massachusetts that in any way conflicted with the claims 
of New York no longer existed. 

This contention and dispute was compromised by com- 
missioners on the part of each state, four from Massachusetts 
and six from New York, at Hartford, Connecticut, Decem- 
ber 16th, 1786, by Massachusetts ceding to New York the 



" (iovcrmnc'iit sov crcii;"iitv and jiiiisdict ion " ovct the dis- 
piitcd Uiriforv. and New ^'()^k ccdin<j^ to Massachusetts 
"the rii^ht of pre-emption of the soil of the native Indians, 
and all other estate except of sovereii^nty and jurisdiction 
to Massachus'.-tts, its grantees aud assigns forever." These 
lands comprised about 6,000,000 of acres, commencing at 
a point in the parallel of 42 degrees north latitude, and in 
the north lioundary line of the State of Pennsylvania, distant 
82 miles west from the northeast corner of the vState of Penn- 
sylvania on the Delaware river, thence due north to the bound- 
ary line between the United States and Canada, thence west- 
erly in said boundary line until it intersects a meridian line 
one mile east of the confluence of Niagara river with Lake 
Ontario, and along this meridian line to Lake Erie, then due 
west to the boundary line between the United States and 
Great Britain, thence westerly in said boundary line until 
it intersects with the said 42d parallel, thence easterly along 
said parallel to the place of beginning. The eastern boun- 
dary of these lands commencing at the 82d mile stone and 
running due north to Lake Ontario, is the celebrated pre- 
emption line. Its different locations are called the old and 
new pre-emption lines. The history of the location 
of these lines is interesting. It discloses the fact 
that the men of a century ago had an eye to the main 
chance, that they were fully as alert and unscrupulous as 
those of the present day. To establish and locate the new 
pre-emption line, the theodolite was first used in the United 
States. It is the meridian of Washington. It forms the 
eastern boundary of Steuben county. 

Soon after the close of the Revolution, this region began 
to attract the atenttion of adventurers and settlers; pre- 
tended leases were made with the Indians to avoid the 
provisions of the State constitution forbidding a sale by 
the Indians of the lands then occupied by them. 

In the early part of the Year 1787, Oliver Phelps and 
Nathaniel Gorham applied to the general court of 
Massachusetts for the purchase of the right of pre-emp- 



lO 

tion which that commonwealth had in ihe western territory* 
lately ceded by the State of New York, and on the 31st of 
March, 1788, the commonwealth of Massachnsetts, in con- 
sideration of ^^300,000 in consolidated securities of that 
commonwealth, or ^"2,000 specie and iJ"290,ooo of said secu- 
rities, sold the right of pre-emption in the before mentioned 
territor}' to said Phelps and Gorham. and they were there- 
by authorized to extinguish b}' purchase, the claims of the 
native Indians to the soil in the said territor^^ The Rev. 
Samuel Kirkland was authorized to superintend and aj)- 
prove the said purchase of Phelps and Gorham from the 
Indians, on the ])art of the State of Massachusetts. 

Phelps and Gorham, on the 8th/jf July, 1788, held a treaty 
with the six nations of Indians at Buffalo Creek, at which, 
among others, were present Benjamin Fi-anklin and La- 
Fayettc, also a young P^nglish ofificer who was present by 
invitation, and being somewhat of an artist, sketched the 
scene with so much fidelity that several of the distinguished 
persons who were present can still be recognized. In con- 
sideration of $5,000 and an armuity of $500 forever, they 
acquired the title ol the native Indians in a part of the lands 
ceded by New York to Massachusetts, and described as 
lollows: Bounded on the north by the shore of Lake On- 
tario, on the south by the aforesaid noilh line of Pennsylva- 
nia, on the east by the pre-emption line, on the west by a line 
drawn at right angles to the Pennsy Kania line, and extending 
due north to a i)oint of land made by the confluence of the 
Canaseraga Creek with the Genesee river, thence down the 
Genesee to a point t wo miles north of Canawaugus village, 
thence due west twelve miles, thence northerly and parallel 
with the Genesee river to Lake Ontario. 

This western line of this i)urchase can now be fixed as 
follows, beginning at the southwest corner of the town of 
Independence in Allegany countv. forming the westerly 
boundary of the towns of Independence, Alfred, Almond, 
Burns, Ossian, Sparta and Groveland, northerly to the con- 
Huence oi the Canaseniga Creek with the Genesee river, near 



1 1 

the point wlicre tlic I). L. .V W. k. R. crosses the \V . N. \'. 
cV P. K. I\., north ol t he \ilhi>;c' ot Mt. Morris, and was h)nij; 
marked by a hiri;e ehn tree. The viUage ol Cana\vauL;-us was 
near the place where tlic Attica branch of the N. \ ., L. K. *.\: 
W. 1\. R. crosses the Cienesee \^alley Canal and the Roches- 
ter division of the W. X. ^'. iS: P. R. R.. a lew miles west of 
Avon. The easterly end ol the trestle of the [.. ct P. R. R. 
over the N., Y. L. E cS: W. R. R., near the larm residence of 
the late Rev. Dr. Llovd Windsor, in the town ol Bnrns, is 
on this line. 

The State ol Massachusetts, on the 2istda\'ol No\'em- 
ber, 1788, confirmed this treaty with the Indians and granted 
to Phelps and Gorham the land embraced in said treaty ; 
within these boundaries were contained, by estimate, 
2,600,000 acres of land. 

A word as to the consolidated securities with which this 
land was to be paid for by Phelps and Gorham to the State 
of Massachusetts. These securities were issued bv Massa- 
chusetts to help defrav hercpujtaof the expense of the war 
for Independence ; at the time of the offer of Phelps and 
Gorham to bu^ these lands these securities were gi-eatlv 
depreciated in value, and were selling for about 20 per cent., 
or one-fifth of their nominal value. Hut by the time 
that the sale by the Indians had been ai)proved by the gen- 
eral court of Massachusetts, and because ol the adoption 
and ratification of the Federal Constitution, by a majority 
of the States, a greater feeling of confidence began to 
prevail through all of the States, of a more perfect and en- 
during Union, and also because of the requirments of 
PheL^js and Gorham, of a considerable amount of these 
securities to meet their engagements, they rapidly appreci- 
ated in value; were held at par, and in some instances com- 
manded a premium. 

In the spring of 1788, Mr. Phelps felt his home in Gran- 
ville, Mass., to visit the tract he had purchased. It is 
recorded that the hazard of the enterprise was deemed 
so great that his family and friends, with the minister ol the 



12 

parish, assembled to witness his departure to the " far dis- 
tant country," and wept ov'er him as one whose return from 
a wilderness inhabited by savag-es could scarcel}^ be hoped 
for. 

Because of the inability of Phelps and Goiham to make 
payments as they became due, on the i8th day of Novem- 
ber, 1790, and after they had sold several townships of land 
which were excepted, amonj^ which were this town and 
Canisteo, they conveyed to Robert Morris, of Philadclphii3, 
the great financier of the Revolution, all the remainder of 
lands they had acquired from Massachusetts and the Indians, 
or which they were entitled to, for eight pence an acre. 
Mr. Phelps, who was the principal monied man and the 
manager of the enterprise, by reason of unfortunate ven- 
tures, died an insolvent debtor, on the jail limits in Canan- 
daigua on February 21st, 1809. 

Mr. Morris, by deed dated April nth, 1792, conveyed to 
Charles Williamson for the consideration of ^^75,000 sterl- 
ing, all of the lands acquired by Phelps and Gorham from 
the Indians by treaty and last described, excepting sales 
made by Phelps and Gorham. The lands en-yaraced in that 
purchase have since been known as the Pulteney estate. 

In 1792 and '93, Mr. Morris after he had acquired the 
Indian title thereto, conveyed and mortgaged to Herman 
LeRo}^ William Willink and others, known as the Holland 
Land Company, the balance of the territory ceded by New 
York to Massachusetts and was called the " Holland Pur 
chase," except a strip of land two townships wide, extend- 
ing through the Count}- of Allegany from the Pennsylva- 
nia line, northerly to Lake Ontario, an average of twelve 
miles wide. This is known as the " Morris Reserve." This 
was largely sold under executions issued upon judgments 
against Mr. Morris. 

A large portion was brought by John 13. Church, the 
father of the late Judge Philip Church, of Angelica, N. Y. 

Mr. Morris by reason of this purchase became involved 
jn serious financial complications that resulted in his utter 



13 

ruin and terminated in his death in a drhtor's prison in 
Philadelphia. .Mav Sth, 1808. 

it is a melancholv lact. that the purcliase ol the most 
fertile part of the State of New York, to-day containini^ 
over a million of inhabitants, by Oliver Phelps and later by 
Robert Morris, should ha\e been the cause of their hnan- 
cial ruin, and consigned both to a debtor's |)rison to end 
their lives. 

Earlv in the year of 1789, Mr. Phel|)s opened an ofHce in 
Canandaigua for the sale of his lands. In the early part ol 
the 3'ear, 1789, twelve persons whose names were Uriah 
Stevens, Sr., Arthur Erwin, Joel Thomas, Solomon Bennet, 
Elisha Brown. John Jemingson, Uriah Stevens, jr., James 
Hadley, Wm. Wynekoop, John Stevens, Thomas Bennet 
and Christian Kress associated themselves together to pur- 
chase lands from Phelps and Gorham which they had ac- 
quired from Massachusetts. Solomon Bennet and E!lisha 
Brown, two of these associates, were selected to make the 
purchase for the benefit ol all. 

On August I Sth, 1789, and in pursuance of the purpose, 
Oliver Phelps, of Canandaigua, Ontario county, N. Y., of 
the one part, and Solomon Bennet and Elisha Brcnvn, of 
Chemung, Montgomery Co., N. Y., made an instrument in 
writing, wherebv Phelps agreed to sell and convev to the 
said Bennet and Brown, two townships ol land, each to 
be six miles long, north and south, and five and a hall miles 
from east to west, lying in the County of Ontario, State of 
New York, to be located in such a manner as to take in 
part or all of the old Canisteo fiat, and not to derange the 
adjacent towns, in consideration of the sum of i^2,666, 13s, 
4d., lawful money of the State of New York t<3 be paid as 
follows: One-third on or before May ist, 1790; one-third 
on or before May ist, 1791, and the remainder on or before 
May ist, 1792, with lawful interest. The said Bennet and 
Brown agreed that before October ist, 1789, they would give 
good and sufificient security for the payment of said sum at 
the times above mentioned and stipulated, and the said Phelps 



14 

agreed that he would give a good and sufficient deed of the 
said townships when the said Bennet and Brown shall give 
the security aforesaid. This was before this tract was run 
into townships, and the numbers of townships and ranges 
were not specihed. This purchase was approved b}^ the 
twelve associates, and in September, of the same year, 
Arthur Erwin, Solomon Bennet, and Joel Thomas were 
deputed by the associates to go to Canandaigua and 
complete the purchase. Mr. Phelps being somewhat ac- 
quainted with Uriah Stevens, Sr., requested that he 
should sign the notes for the purchase, which was secured 
by a lien upon the land and be made a party to the deed, 
wdiich he did, and a deed was made and delivered from 
Phelps to these four persons, namely : Uriah Stevens, Sr., 
Arthur Erwin, Solomon Bennet and Joel Thomas, lor 
township 3, 5th i-ange, and townshi|) 3, 6th range. Tlie 
survey of this tract had then been comidetcd and mapi)ed 
by Augustus Porter. 

it was soon discovered that the Canisteo Hats which the 
campany wished to purchase, was not conveyed by tliis 
deed which covered the j)resent towns of Canisteo and 
Hartsville, but that the land they intended to purchase was 
township 3, 5th range, now the town of Canisteo, and town- 
ship 4, of the 6th range, now the city and part of the town 
of Hornellsville. In Sei)tcml)er 1790, Stevens, Sr., Erwin, 
Bennet and Joel Thomas went to Canandaigua to get a 
deed for the last named townships and to deliver up the 
first deed. Phelps agreed to give them a new deed if they 
would strike one-half mile from each township so that each 
should be 6 by 5^ miles, but as some improvements had 
been made on No. 3, in the 5th range, Canisteo, it was agreed 
that instead of taking one-half mile from this township, a 
strip one mile in width be taken from the west side of No. 4, 
in the 6th range, Hornellsville, sq that township 3 should be 6 
miles square and township 4 should be 5 miles by 6, and in 
pursuance of this agreement a deed was made on the i6th 
day of September, 1790, by Phelps to Uriah Stevens, Sr., 



Aiihiir Erwi'n, vSoIomon Bcnnct and Joel riiomas lor the 
same consideration, /^2,666, 13s, 4d, payable in the same 
manner and h\- the same notes as lor the hist deed. The 
security lor tlie ])avment ol the notes was transferred li-om 
the first to the last land. 

The lands in this deed are described as hini^ in the dis- 
trict of Erwin, in the Count}- of Ontario, State of New 
York, and known by the name of the old Canisteo Castle. 

On October i8th, 1789, after the Hrst agreement made 
with Mr. Phel[)s bv the associates, an agreement was made 
and entered into in writing between the twelve associates, 
whereby Uriah Stevens, Jr., Solomon Bennet, Joel Thomas, 
of Chemung, in the State of New York, and Arthur Erwin, 
of the State of Pennsvlvania, of the one part, and Elisha 
Brown, Uriah Stevens, Jr., James Hadle}^ William Wine- 
koop, John Stevens, John Jemingson, Thomas Bennet and 
Christian Kress, of Chemung, aforesaid, of the other part 
agreed that the party of the Hrst part should let the party 
of the other part have eight-twelfths of the lands purchased 
by the first part, of Oliver Phelps, and pay the first part 
eight-twelfths of the price and cost of purchase, that the 
Hrst part had incui^red, and the party of the Hrst |>art agreed 
to conve^' eight twelfths of said two townshijis to the party 
ol the other ])art, when thev shall give a good and sufHcient 
securit}' for the payment of said sum. 

About this time Augustus Porter, the surveyor t)f Phelps 
and Gorham, asccrtainetl that townships 3 and 4 were much 
larger than supposed. They w^ere about 6 by 8 miles. He 
accordingly' cut off from the east side of township No. 3, 
in the 5th range, 12,099 ''teres and from the north side of 
township No. 4, in the 6th range, 9,406 acres. This last cut 
off is now known as the North Gore. This reduced these 
townships to the size originally intended. 

It may be interesting to those who are unacquainted, to 
know the boundary and location of township No. 4, in the 
6th range. Its north line is in the highway leading from 
Webb's Crossing, easterly to Miller's place. This line is five 



i6 

miles in length. Let me say in passing: the point where 
this line crosses Selah's Creek, the stream that supplies this 
citv with water, quite near the highwa}^ iron bridge at 
Miller's, was formerly called ISIilltown. Here was located 
and operated a mill, long since abandoned ; not a vestage 
remains, but to preserve this fact this nr.me should be re- 
stored to this locality. The west line of No. 4 commences 
at the westerly termination of the said north line, a little north 
of the McMichael cemetery on Pennsylvania Hill, is the 
west line of this cemetery lot, crosses the Almond road at the 
intersection of the road from Webb's near the residence 
formerly occupied by Charles Major, now owned by Bur- 
dick, and terminates in the north line of Hartsville where 
it crosses Crosby Creek, near the Hood & Bardeen cheese 
factory. The east line commences in the easterly termin- 
ation of the north line, and passes near the dwelling of 
Ross Swartz. It is the boundary line between the towns of 
Hornellsville and Canisteo, crossing the N. Y., L. E. cS: W. 
R. R., near the proposed Junction with it of that ill-starred 
conception, the Hornellsville and Pine Creek R. R., and 
terminating in the south line which is in the line between 
the towns of Hartsville and Hornellsville. 

The title to township 4 in the 6th range, which will hence- 
forth engage my attention, having been vested in four of 
the associates, and they having given their fellow asso- 
siates legal evidence of their rights and interests, immediate 
measures were taken to survey and divide the township 
into lots and distribute them among the twelve partners. 

On the 25th of September, 1790, one hundred years ago 
to-day, lots were drawn for the ownership of the twelve 
subdivisions of township 4, at the house of Benjamin Crosby 
in this township as follows: Twelve slips of paper were 
prepared, upon each strip was written the name of only one 
of the partners, no two of the pieces of paper contained the 
same name. These slips of paper were put into a hat; 
seven of the partners were present. All were not in a per- 
fect normal and fit condition for the business on hand, and 



17 

after some contention it was thought best that neither ol 
the associates should draw in jjcrson, so it was agreed that 
Hannah, wife of Richard Crosby, who was present, should 
be blind-folded and should draw^ these slips of paper from 
the hat, which she did. The hrst name drawn should be 
entitled to lot No. i, and so on, consecutively, until the 
twelve pieces of paper were drawn. This drawing resulted 
as follows : 

No. I— James Hadley, No. 2— John Jemingson, No. 3— Ar- 
thur Erwin, No. 4— Christian Kress, No. 5— Joel Thomas, 
No. 6— Uriah Stephens, Jr., No. 7— John Stephens, No. 8— 
William Wynekoop, No. 9— Uriah Stephens, Sr., No. 10— 
Thomas Bennet, No. 11— Elisha Brown, No. 12— Solomon 
Bennet. 

An agreement was entered into that day between the 
owners of these great lots, whereby Arthur Erwin was to 
survey township No, 4 into twelve lots, of equal wndth 
of 133 and }i rods, running the full length of said town 
from north to south, and each to contain 1,600 acres, 
the most westerly lot was to be No. i, agreeably to a draft 
that was made Sei)tember 13th, 1790, and to deliver a fair 
draft to every man of his lot that day drawn. 

For all ol his services, Erwin was to be paid by said 
owners ^47, los in money, grain or cattle, at market price, 
at Matt HoUcnback's store in Tyouga. One-half of the pay 
was to be delivered at Newtown Point as soon as the work 
is done ; each man was only to be accountable for the one- 
twelfth part of the pay. On August 23d, 1790, Christian 
Kress, by a quit claim deed, in consideration of /-230, sold 
all of his interest in townships 3 and 4 to Arthur Erwin and 
thereby Erwin became the owner of lot No. 4 in township 
four, 6th range. John Jemingson was a subscribing witness to 
this deed. William Wynekoop transferred his interest in this 
town to Solomon Bennet and he became the owner of lot 
No. 8. Thomas Bennet transferred his interest in this 
township to Solomon Bennet and he became the owner of 
great lot No. 10. Solomon Bennet conveyed this lot to 



i8 

Oliver Phelps, on February nth, 1794, for the considera- 
tion of $1,233.33, 

In the summer of 1790, Bcnjaniin Crosby with his family 
settled in llornellsville, on great lot No. 8. Me erected a 
house, and li\xd in it, on the site now occupied by St. James 
Mercy Hospital, on Canisteo street in the city of Hornells- 
villc. This was the first white man's house in the city or 
town of Horncllsville. He purchased this lot of Solomon 
Bennet, one of the twelve associates, the deed recites that 
Solomon Bennet, gentleman, conveyed to Benjamin Crosby, 
yeoman, in consideration of ^^300, lot No. 8, of township No. 
4, in the 6th i-ange of townships, in the district of Erwin, 
Ontario county, New York, containing 1,600 acres of land. 

Benjamin Crosby, the first settler and founder of this city, 
emigrated from England about the middle of the last cen- 
tur}', arriving in New York after a long period of suffering 
by shipwreck. Richard Crosby, one of his sons, who also 
settled here with his father, served in the war of the Rev- 
olution. He was a captain in General Washington's body 
guard. He married Hannah, a daughter of Jeremiah and 
Anna Baker, and sister of the late Hon. Jeremiah Baker, of 
Canisteo. 

Lot No. 8 is bounded on the west in the city of Hornells- 
ville by Seneca, Canisteo and South Division streets, on 
the east by a line parallel to the west line which is a little 
east of Pardee street. We are, and this building, Shattuck 
opera house, is on lot No. 8. 

Oliver Harding came next and settled on the land be- 
tween Main and Genesee streets, near where Hakes avenue 
is now located. He was the nearest neighbor of Mr. 
Crosby. He was a soldier of the Revolution. He after- 
ward moved to Harding Hill, in the town of Fremont. He 
has grand children and great grand children now living 
and in business in this city. 

George Horncll came in 1793, he was the son of a Swedish 
Clergyman, was born in York County, l^ennsylvania. He 
married Martha, a daughter of Uriah Stephens, Sr., the lead- 



19 

ing ninn of the twelve associates. Stephens, Sr., had I)ccn 
a soldier in the French war, which terminated in Ihc 
fall ot Canada. He was with Sir Jeffrey Amherst at the 
capture of Ticonderoga and Fort St. Frederick. He Mar- 
ried Martha Rathbun, a native of Stono^ington, Conn. He 
with his sons, Uriah, jr., and John, and his son-in-law, Solo- 
mon Bennet, who married his daughter Sarah, were four of 
the associates, and at the time of the division owned one- 
half of township 4. 

On July 9th 1793, John Stephens, who drew great lot No. 
7 conveyed this lot containing 1,600 acres to George 
Hornell. The consideration named in the conveyance- 
was /,""! 11. This lot is bounded in this cit}- on the cast 
by Seneca, Canisteo and South Division streets. The 
west line is parallel with the east line and passes near the 
east line of St Ann's cemetery. 

Judofe Hornell built the first grist mill on the site now 
occupied by the Thacher mill. It was the first west of 
Elmira, except one built by Solomon Bennet in Canisteo, 
which was burned a short time before. 

Judge Hornell lived in and kept the first inn in the town. It 
was on the southerly side of Washington street, immediately 
opposite to Thacher street. He also kept the first store, 
situated near by. He represented this county in the Legis- 
lature of this state as a Member of Assembly in 1808. He, 
was an Associate Judge of the Court ot Common Pleas of 
Steuben county in 1796 

Judge Hornell died in 181 3 and with his wife is buried in 
the old cemetry in the western part of the city upon the em- 
inence overlooking the valley for miles, up and down the 
river, and the eastern hills beyond. The disgraceful 
and abandoned condition of this old cemetry is a stand- 
ino- reproach to those who should protect it. Even 
the stone that marks the resting place of Hornell and liis 
wife, with its eloquent inscription, is fast disapi)caring by 
attacks of vandals who are chipping it away. 



20 

Hornell was ^ood man. B)' his good character and up- 
right conduct he did much to stem the disorder and intern- 
Derate conduct that then prevailed in this vicinity. His 
wife was noted for her deeds of charity and commendable 
character. She was a ministering angle to all in this valley 
who were suffering or in want. 

Hornell had lour sons and hve daughters. William was 
drowned while attending Williams college; George read 
law and was admitted to the bar; John died in the morning 
of life ; Vincent the youngest child, died at the age of 
twenty-four. Of the daughters. Patience died at the age 
of 17; Emily became Mrs. Dr. Walker, and after his death 
she became the wife of Col. Ira Davenport, the founder of 
that noble charity, " The Davenport Female Orphan Asy- 
lum," at Bath. Martha was the wife of the late Major 
Thomas J. Reynolds, of this town; Betsy, Mrs. Augustus 
Newell, died in Michigan in 1832, and Anne, Mrs. General 
Hartshorn, and after his death Mrs. Moore, died in 1882. 

The records show that George Hornell certified that on 
November 17th, 181 1, "Milo" was born to his slave "Milley." 
He afterwards sold the boy Milo to one Hadley, of Canis- 
teo, for $70. After Hornell's death, Milley ran away to 
Palmyra. She was returned to Hornellsville. She remain- 
ed a year or two, when she again ran away, never to return. 
Milley was the first lugitive slave from this place of which 
we have any record. 

On December 10, 1790, Joel Thomas, one of the associ- 
ates, conveyed lot No. 2 to Daniel Purdy, 1,600 acres, for 
the expressed consideration of ^iio. 

On September 23, 1794, Solomon Bennet, for the consid- 
eration ol X210, conveyed lot No. 12 of this township, con- 
taining 1,600 acres, to John McBurney. 

Uriah Stephens, jr., conveyed parts ol his lot No. 6, to 
his sons, John R. and Matt, and to his sons-in-law, Jerathaniel 
Powers and Bazy Baker and to Stephen Webb and others. 
Uriah Stephens, Jr., was a man of note in this valle}-. He helta 
many local ofhces; in various legal contentions he gave evi- 



21 

dence and made depcisitions conccrnin<2^ the allotinent and 
settlement of this town, which are still preserved in the 
proper places, In the j)rej)ar;iti()n ol this mattei- 1 have drawn 
largely from these records, lie died at Canisteo, August 
2d, 1849; '^^ ^"^'^^ over 90 years old. Many ol liis granrl 
children arc now residents of this city and town. 

Arthur Erwin, one of the twelve, died in Pennsylvania in 
June, 1 79 1, of a gun shot wound, leaving numeious descend- 
ants, many of whom arc still living in the town that bears 
his name. He was twice married. He left at his death 
ten children. His daughter, Sarah, by his first wife, mar- 
ried John Mulhollen. Their daughter Molly, or Mary, be- 
came the wife of Thomas McBurney. They died leaving 
eight children. Sarah married Hon. John Magee, of Bath. 
She died without children surviving hCr. Jane became the 
wife of Thomas J. Magee. 

John Jemingson, now Jamison, was born at Dunham, 
Bucks county, i^ennsylvania, December 3, 1753. He was 
a captain commanding at the battle of Fort Washington, in 
the Revolutionary war, now^ the upper part of the city of 
New York, including J'livcrside, the resting place of the re- 
mains of General Grant. He held the fort until the aninui- 
nition was exhausted, when he was taken prisoner, with the 
loss of 27 men, and imprisoned in the infamous prison ship in 
New York harbor, where he contracted disease, from which 
he suffered during his life. He died at Canisteo, March 23, 
1836, at the age of 82, on the farm on which he settled in 
the spring of 1790. He has great grand children now liv- 
ing in thip city who have filled and are now hlling honored 
and responsible positions. The " white woman," Mary 
Jamison, came from the same ancestry. 

Solomon Bennet died at Canisteo in October, 1823, aged 
73 years. Although at one time holding the largest part 
(3 shares) of this town, yet by unfortunate ventures and 
unprofitable investments he died an insolvent. Grand chil- 
dren and great grand children of Mr. Bennet are now- 
residing in this city. 



22 



John Stephens, another of the 12 partners, was a son of 
Uriah Stephens, the elder, and was known as Col. John. 
In the latter years ot his life he lived in the town of Green- 
wood, where he died March 19, 1837. 

James Hadley died in the town of Canisteo in the fall of 
1832, where he had lived since 1789. The remainins^ five of 
the 12 associates disposed of their interests in the purchase of 
these towns; they never became actual settlers. 

It will be observed that the territory now embraced in 
the city of Hornellsville, and all of the town of Hornellsville 
included in township 4 of the 6th range was not included in 
the sale to Mr. Williamson, the representative of the Pultney 
purchase. 

We had no interest in the fierce contentions that raged a 
few years since between the land office and the anti-renters. 

This territory was included in Tryon county from 
March 12, 1772, to April 2, 1784; then in Montgomery county, 
until January 27, 1789; then in Ontario, until the formation 
of the county of Steuben, March 18,1796, where it has since 
remained, notwithstanding the many vigorous but unsuccess- 
ful efforts to get out. 

It is hoped that it may always remain in Steuben County. 

It. formed a part of the district of Erwin and afterwards 
a part of the district ot Williamson, until 1796, then a part 
of the town of Canisteo. A local writer, in the year 181 1, 
in describing the town of Canisteo says, "it is nineteen miles 
long, north and south, by fourteen miles wide, its area is 
266 square miles. The Canisteo river courses centrally 
across the town, and is boatable from Arkport to Tioga, in 
the town of Painted Post. Boats descend the Canisteo laden 
with one thousand bushels of wheat. The settlements are 
of recent date, and still retain their first local names. At 
Hornell's Mills, on the Canisteo, is a ferry and a road of 
pretty extensive travel; here is located the Canisteo Post- 
office." 

On April i. 1820, a new town was formed and was named 
by Col. Ira Davenport, who was then a resident, "Hornells- 



23 

villc," for Jiicls;c Ilorncll. It should have been naincd for 
Benjamin Crosby. 

Col. Davenport came to 1 loinellsville Ironi iJelawarc 
county, N. V., in 1815, with a waj^on h)ad of goods. He 
became tiie first merchant here, building with his own hands 
the store in which he sold his first goods. He remained 
hereabout thirty-two years, during which time he was a 
prosperous trader. He removed to Bath in 1847, where he 
resided the remainder of his life, contributing largely to its 
wealth, institutions and advancement, and entirely neglect- 
ing the town, village and city, where he laid the foundation 
for and was aided in accumulating his great wealth and 
good name. Col. Davenport was born in Columbia county 
New York., in 1795, he died in 1868. 

Warehouses were built on the Canisteo river, near where 
Main street now crosses it. From these, arks were loaded 
with grain, potash and other products for shipment to Bal- 
timore. Later on a number of canalboats were built here 
and floated down the river into the Chemung canal, and from 
there by way of Seneca and Crooked lakes and connecting 
canal to Hammonds[)orl, where they were used in canal 
navigation. 

The village of Hornellsville was incorporated under the 
general village act June 28th, 1852, was reorganized as a 
village under a special act of the Legislature, and given 
larger powers April 9th, 1867. The city of Hornellsville 
was created March 2d, 1888. 

For sixty-two years this was a country cross roads, a ru- 
ral four corners, with its grist mill, tavern and blacksmith 
shop. " It was peopled with a hardy, rough and generally an 
honest race, who had within them a goodly infusion of that 
boisterous spirit, and love of rough, and often mischievous 
play, tor which the free and manly sons of the backwoods 
and frontiers are everywhere famous. The devouring of 
hominy, hog, venison and all the invigorating diet of a new 
settlement, the drinking of grog, baiting of bears and wolves, 
the hewing down of the forest, the paddling of canoes. 



24 

fighting, wrestling and hunting, all combined to form a gen- 
eration of yeomen and foresters, daring, manly and free." 

When they went abroad they made themselves heard and 
felt, and upon holidays generally, something broke loose. I 
do not hesitate to say that many who hear me, have some 
remembrance of these happenings. 

For fifteen 3'eai-s it was the ordinary country village ; for 
twenty-one years it was a village of the first class, with all 
municipal machinery. This was the period of its prosper- 
ity and greatest growth. For two years and over it has 
been a city, and the most populous place in the county. 

The school {)receded the church in Ilornellsville. The 
first school in the town of Hornellsville was taught by 
Abagail Hurlbut, in 1796, in what is now the village of 
Arkport. The first school within the city limits was taught 
by Miss Sarah Thacher, about 1805, in a block house, then 
standing opposite the junction of Arkport street with Main 
street, near the foot of Cemetery hill. The first school 
house built within the limits oi this city, stood on the south 
side of Main street, near the head of Pardee street. It was 
built in 1813. The first teacher was Dudley Miller. Uriah 
Stephens, Jr., and George Hornell, the younger, were also 
teachers. The school continued to be a common school 
until 1873, when, by an act of the Legislature, a graded 
school and free academy was established. 

The first Sunday school was held in a pine grove at Ark- 
port, under the charge of Miss Abagail Hurlbut. 

In 1799, religious services were held at the house of 
Judge Hornell by Rev. Robert Logan, an itinerant Presby- 
terian clergyman. 

A Methodist clergyman, the Rev. John Durbin, of Wyo- 
ming, Pa., held services within the present city limits, the 
following year, 1800. He may well be termed the vidette 
of his church in this valley. He served his Master with the 
same zeal that the pious Father manifested in the same 
valley more than a century before. Religious services 



25 

were held in the log school house on Main street before re- 
ferred to. 

The Methodist Episcopal church in this city was or.c^an- 
izcd in 1830. The buildino^ has alway occupied its present 
site. 

The Presbyterian church was organized July loth, 1832. 

In 1843, Rev. Father Benedict Bayer, organized St. Ann's 
Roman Catholic church. I Ic said the Mrst mass within the 
limits of the town during the present century, at the house 
of Thomas Doorley, near Webb's crossing. 

The Baptist church was organized October 17th, 1852, by 
Rev. Thomas Sheardown. 

Christs church. Episcopal, was organized into a parish 
March 6th, 1854, Rev. James A. Robinson was the first rect- 
or. 

Jewish congregation, Ahavat-Achim, was organized in 
June, 1867, by Rabbi Israel Erlich. 

The First Universalist church, of Hornellsville, was 01"* 
ganized May 23, 1868, by Rev. A. G. Clark, of Branchport, 
N. Y. 

The Seventh Day Baptist church of this city was formed 
April nth., 1877, by Rev. Thomas R. Williams, D. D. 

vSt. Paul's Evangelical German Lutheran church, August 
23d, 1885, by Rev. John Miller, of Port Jervis, N. Y. 

The Hornell Library, whose usefulness has been at least 
next to the church and school, was founded by seven men. 
I think they were wise, who gave their joint note for $50 
for the first lot of books this libary ever owned, sold by a 
noted, liberal and intelligent citizen at a large discount. 
This library was organized April 6th, 1868. It was the 
pioneer of its kind in Western New York. It is still in a 
most flourishing condition and is the pride of the city. 

No early record of lawyers can be found who were resi- 
dents in this town. George Hornell, the younger, soon 
after he was admited to practice in 181 1 abandoned the pro- 
fession and became a clergyman. He went to what is now 



26 

the State of Minnesota, where he pursued the last named 
profession with success. 

The first lawyers in town of which I can find any record 
were John Baldwin, John K. tiale and Nathan Osborn. 
This was in 1835. The village then had 400 inhabitants. 
Baldwin noted for his eccentricities, was a man of ability, a 
master of sarcasm, he died about 1837 at Almond. Hale rep- 
resented this district in the State Legislature in the Assembly 
in 1849, ^^"^ the Senate in 1856 and 1857. He afterwards went 
to Kansas; later he returned to this State; he died in Cortland. 
N. Y. He is buried in Hope cemetry in this city. He 
was a man of fine ability and good reputation. Osborn 
went West and was lost sight of, perhaps some one can tell 
of his subsequent career. Later, were William M. Hawley; 
he served in the Legislature of this state, as a Senator, 
was also the first County Judge of this County under the 
constitution of 1846. He died in 1869. Robert L. Brund- 
age, who was a district attorney of the county from 1850 
to 1854, died in 1880. Horace Bemis, who represented the 
County two terms in the Assembly, died in 1888. 

Dr. Augustus Newell was probably the first doctor of 
medicine to locate here. He moved to Michigan, and died 
there in 1837. Drs. James Walker, Manning Kelly, Com- 
fort E. Belden, and Samuel Olin were among the early 
physicians. Among the later physicians were Drs. Luman 
A. Ward, Charles D. Robinson and Sewell E. Shattuck, all 
of whom are dead. I suggest to the Medical Society of 
this city, the propriety of biographical and necrological 
sketches of the early as well as the later physicians of this 
town. 

The first newspaper, the Horncilsvillc Tribune, was pub- 
lished November 19, 185 i, by Edwin Hough, on the corner 
of jNIain and Broad streets. The National American was 
first published in 1854, bv C. M. Harmon; afterwards it 
became the Canistco Valley Journal, published by Charles A. 
Kinney, until shortlv after the breaking out of the war of 
the Rebellion, when it suspended by reason of the enlist- 



27 

ment ol Kinne}' in ihc iiiilitan- service, in which he died. 
This paper was revived as the Donocratic / V^A7/r, by llie 
Burdick brothers, one of wliom as tlie witt}- but unfortu- 
nate " Sparks." It then was transformed into the Canistco 
Valley Times, and later tlic Ilornellsville Times. 

Other newspapers have made their appearance here, and 
strui^i^led for existence, some of which have survived under 
other names, but all have been of comparatively recent 
ventures. 

The New York and Eric Railroad was opened to Ilor- 
nellsville September i, 1850. Later the Buffalo and New 
York City railroad was opened from Attica to Hornellsville. 
It has since become a part of the Erie system, and is now 
known as the Buffalo Division of the New York, Lake Erie 
and Western railroad. Hornellsville became and is the 
terminus of three of the divisions of this system. Since 
the completion ol these railroads the growth and prospei'ity 
of this place has been active and healthy. The thrift 
of the city is largely due to the prosperity and energy of 
this railroad. 

Other railroad schemes have been developed and 
aborted, until the building and completing, within the last 
three years, of the Rochester, Hornellsville t^ Lackawanna 
railroad, by which competing lines of railroads were reach- 
ed, and placed the city on a more permanent basis for pros- 
nus and substantial growth. 

In 1832, a plot of ground w\as conveyed to the town for 
a public park, called Union Park, located at the intersection 
of Canisteo street with Main street. For a long time after, 
it was embclished with upturned pine stumps ; these were 
subsequently cleared away, trees were set out and a 
fence built around it. Years after it was converted into a 
dumping ground for street refuse. The piles of dirt made 
it offensive. A local genius conceived the idea of turn- 
ing it into a cemetery ; the bitter sarcasm inscribed upon 
the head boards placed in the mounds of dirt, so aroused 
public opinion that it was graded, beautified and adorned 



28 

with a memorial fountain, to perpetuate the memories of 
the battles of the Rebellion ot 1861, with flowers and grav- 
eled walks, making it the pride of the city, instead of its 
shame. 

The early place of the burial of the dead was on the 
"knoll" in the western part of the city, now known as the 
" old cemetery." Like ever}- thing else connected with early 
Hornellsville, it was neglected and desecrated. It was a 
ridge of sand, suitable for building purposes, and with the 
ashes of the forefathers of this valley has been carted away 
and become a part of nearly every building in the city. 
Verily the dead we have with us, their remains cement our 
foundations and are spread upon our walls. This most dis- 
graceful and barberous business still continues at a dollar 
a load. 

In 1853 a place of interment was opened a little farther 
west. Some of the younger and more enterprising of the 
inhabitants, chagrined and mortihed by the neglected con 
dition of the old cemetery, laid out Hope Cemetery, on the 
site of the new burying ground, procured for it a legal ex- 
istence and set the machinery of the corporation in motion. 
It now has graded streets and avenues ; fountains, cascades 
and pools ; well kept lots, adorned with beautiful trees, 
shrubs and flowers. It overlooks a part of the valley of the 
upper Canisteo, and also the site of the rendezvous and em- 
barkation of the murderous expedition against the settle- 
ments in the Wyoming valley in 1778. No place in this State 
has a more beautiful cemetery. 

Of the the men of Hornellsville who participated in 
the War of the Rebellion, I shall not speak ; their 
good record and glorious deeds are preserved fn enduring 
archives. I have brought the events and histor}' of Hor- 
nellsville down to the memory of men now living. It is a 
brief record of events that are rapidly fading away. 

The events of the last half century, that have occurred 
in this city should be collected, written up and published ; 
t is a subject that ought to command the attention of all 



^9 

our people, those who are passing away, as well as those 
who are beginning to assume the active duties of life. It 
should receive intelligent treatment by a competent person. 
Some son or daughter of Hornellsville, should perform the 
grateful task. 



■v^Vv 



LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 
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